Myopia in Children: Why It’s Increasing
In recent years, there has been a significant rise in cases of myopia among children. This phenomenon is worrying not only parents and teachers but also pediatricians and eye specialists worldwide. But why is it happening? And above all: what can we do to prevent it or slow its progression?
What is Myopia?
Myopia is a visual condition that makes it difficult to focus on distant objects, while near vision generally remains good. It is caused by excessive elongation of the eyeball or abnormal curvature of the cornea, preventing images from being correctly focused on the retina.
A Growing Trend
According to estimates by the World Health Organization, by 2050 about half of the global population could be myopic. Among children, the phenomenon is rising sharply: in some urban areas of Asia, over 80% of teenagers are already affected by myopia.
But numbers are also increasing in Europe and Italy, with diagnoses occurring at increasingly younger ages.
The Causes: A Mix of Habits and Lifestyle
The main reason is not genetic (or not only genetic): environmental factors play a key role.
Excessive use of digital devices
Tablets, smartphones, and computers have become everyday companions for study and play. However, spending too much time focusing up close without breaks can strain the eyes and contribute to the development of myopia.
Limited exposure to natural light
Several studies show that spending at least 2 hours a day outdoors helps slow the onset of myopia. Natural light seems to have a protective effect on eye development.
Too many “close-up” activities
Beyond screens, prolonged reading or drawing can also have an impact if not balanced with moments of visual rest.
Warning Signs Not to Overlook
- The child squints to see from a distance
- Gets too close to books, sheets, or screens
- Has frequent headaches
- Gets easily distracted at school
- Avoids looking at the board or playing outdoors
- In these cases, it is important to consult an optometrist or pediatric ophthalmologist for an eye exam.
What Can Be Done?
Regular eye check-ups
Even in the absence of obvious symptoms, it is good practice to have children’s vision checked at least once a year.
Encouraging outdoor activities
Playing outside, walking, and practicing sports — all activities that promote healthy visual development.
Limiting screen time
It’s not about banning devices, but teaching proper use with frequent breaks (20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break looking at something 20 feet away, about 6 meters).
Promoting healthy sleep
Good sleep supports overall well-being, including eye health.
Conclusion
Myopia in children is not an inevitable fate. Understanding the causes of its increase allows us to take effective action. Prevention, awareness, and more balanced lifestyles are the keys to protecting children’s vision — today and in the future.
